14 questions written from the Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223). Pick an answer to see the rule and the page it comes from.
1. When checking the fifth wheel during an inspection, what condition regarding the space between the upper and lower sections is required?
Answer: There should be no visible space between them. The inspection checklist requires that there be no visible gap between the upper and lower parts of the fifth wheel.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 127: “No visible space between upper and lower fifth wheel.”
2. When coupling twin trailers, where should the more heavily loaded semitrailer be positioned for the safest handling?
Answer: In the first position behind the tractor. The handbook states that placing the heavier trailer first ensures the safest handling characteristics for the combination.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 125: “For the safest handling on the road, the more heavily loaded semitrailer should be in first position behind the tractor.”
3. How do you verify that the air brakes on the second trailer are functioning correctly after coupling?
Answer: Push the air supply knob in and check for air at the rear of the second trailer by opening the emergency line shut-off. Opening the emergency line shut-off at the rear confirms that air pressure has successfully reached the second trailer's braking system.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 126: “Charge trailer brakes (push "air supply" knob in), and check for air at rear of second trailer by opening the emergency line shut-off.”
4. During the tractor protection valve test, within what pressure range should the control close or move to the emergency position?
Answer: Between 20 and 45 psi. The handbook specifies that the tractor protection valve should activate when air pressure falls within the 20 to 45 psi range.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 128: “(Usually within the range of 20 to 45 psi no less than 20 psi and no more than 45 psi).”
5. When inspecting the coupling system of a combination vehicle, how should the locking jaws be positioned relative to the kingpin?
Answer: Around the shank of the kingpin. The handbook states that locking jaws must engage the shank of the kingpin rather than the head.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 127: “Locking jaws around the shank, not the head of kingpin.”
6. Why must drivers of doubles and triples allow more following distance than other commercial vehicles?
Answer: Because they cannot be turned or stopped suddenly. The handbook explains that additional space is needed due to the inability to make sudden turns or stops with multiple trailers.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 124: “They are not only longer, but also need more space because they cannot be turned or stopped suddenly.”
7. If the second trailer does not have spring brakes, what procedure sets the trailer emergency brakes during coupling?
Answer: Drive the tractor close, connect the emergency line, charge the air tank, then disconnect the emergency line. Disconnecting the emergency line after charging the tank causes the trailer's emergency brakes to set automatically.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 125: “If the second trailer does not have spring brakes, drive the tractor close to the trailer, connect the emergency line, charge the trailer air tank, and disconnect the emergency line.”
8. During a walkaround inspection of double or triple trailers, what is the required position for the shut-off valves at the rear of the front trailers?
Answer: Open. The handbook specifies that the shut-off valves located at the rear of the front trailers must be in the open position.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 128: “Rear of front trailers: OPEN.”
9. Why is it critical to ensure air reaches the back of the trailer combination during the air flow check?
Answer: To ensure all brakes work properly. The handbook states that air must reach the rear of the combination for all brakes to function correctly.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 128: “You MUST have air all the way to the back for all the brakes to work.”
10. How should a driver steer when pulling trailers to prevent rollover?
Answer: Steer gently. The handbook instructs drivers to steer gently as a primary method to prevent rollover when operating doubles or triples.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 124: “To prevent trailers from rolling over, you must steer gently and go slowly around corners, on ramps, off ramps, and curves.”
11. What is the correct position for the shut-off valve at the rear of the last trailer in a combination vehicle?
Answer: Closed. The handbook instructs that the shut-off valve at the rear of the last trailer must be closed.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 128: “Rear of last trailer: CLOSED.”
12. According to the handbook, why are doubles and triples more likely to turn over than other combination vehicles?
Answer: Because of the "crack-the-whip" effect. The handbook identifies the crack-the-whip effect as the reason for the increased likelihood of rollover.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 124: “Doubles and triples are more likely to turn over than other combination vehicles because of the "crack-the-whip" effect.”
13. What is the correct height adjustment for the rear trailer when coupling the converter dolly?
Answer: It must be slightly lower than the center of the fifth wheel so the trailer is raised slightly when the dolly is pushed under. The trailer needs to be slightly lower than the fifth wheel center so that pushing the dolly under raises the trailer, ensuring a tight coupling.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 126: “Make sure trailer height is correct. (It must be slightly lower than the center of the fifth wheel, so trailer is raised slightly when dolly is pushed under.)”
14. What is the required safety feature for converter dollies built on or after March 1, 1998?
Answer: They are required to have antilock brakes. The handbook states that converter dollies manufactured after this specific date must include antilock braking systems.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 125: “Converter dollies built on or after March 1, 1998, are required to have antilock brakes.”