24 questions written from the Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223). Pick an answer to see the rule and the page it comes from.
1. Where must a package labeled POISON or POISON INHALATION HAZARD be placed when loading it onto a commercial vehicle?
Answer: In the cargo area, separate from food materials. The rules require poisonous materials to be kept away from living spaces and food, implying they belong in the general cargo area separated from food.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 148: “Never load a package labeled POISON or POISON INHALATION HAZARD in the driver’s cab or sleeper or with food material for human or animal consumption.”
2. What action is required if the words "INHALATION HAZARD" appear on the shipping paper or package?
Answer: Display the POISON INHALATION HAZARD or POISON GAS placards in addition to other required placards. The handbook mandates specific additional placards for inhalation hazards while maintaining other hazard class placards.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 140: “If the words INHALATION HAZARD appear on the shipping paper or package, the rules require display of the POISON INHALATION HAZARD or POISON GAS placards, as appropriate. These placards must be used in addition to other placards, which may be required by the product’s hazard class.”
3. If your engine runs a pump during the delivery of compressed gas, when should you turn off the engine?
Answer: After product transfer, before you unhook the hose. For compressed gas, the engine should be shut down immediately after the product transfer is complete but before disconnecting the hose connections.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 149: “If you use the engine, turn it off after product transfer, before you unhook the hose.”
4. What is the maximum total transport index allowed for all Class 7 (Radioactive) packages loaded in a single vehicle?
Answer: 50. The handbook states that the cumulative transport index for radioactive materials in one vehicle cannot go above 50.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 148: “The total transport index of all packages in a single vehicle must not exceed 50.”
5. What information must appear in the lower corner of a placard identifying the primary or subsidiary hazard class?
Answer: The hazard class or division number. The handbook mandates that the specific hazard class or division number be displayed in the lower corner for primary and subsidiary hazard placards.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 145: “Placards used to identify the primary or subsidiary hazard class of a material must have the hazard class or division number displayed in the lower corner of the placard.”
6. How long does a carrier have to submit a detailed written report following an incident involving hazardous materials?
Answer: Within 30 days of the incident. The handbook specifies that carriers are required to submit detailed written reports within 30 days after an incident occurs.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 155: “Carriers must make detailed written reports within 30 days of an incident.”
7. What do the letters "NA" preceding an identification number signify regarding the material's transportation?
Answer: The material is only used within the United States and to and from Canada. The handbook defines the specific geographic scope associated with the "NA" prefix for identification numbers.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 140: “The letters "NA" are associated with proper shipping names that are only used within the United States and to and from Canada.”
8. How often must hazardous materials employees be trained and tested according to the regulations?
Answer: At least once every three years. The handbook states the frequency requirement for training and testing is every three years.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 135: “The regulations require that hazardous materials employees be trained and tested at least once every three years.”
9. When calling the National Response Center to report a hazardous materials incident, which specific detail regarding the materials must be provided if available?
Answer: The classification, name, and quantity of hazardous materials involved. The handbook lists the classification, name, and quantity of hazardous materials as required information for the National Response Center call.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 154: “Classification, name, and quantity of hazardous materials involved, if such information is available.”
10. When parking a vehicle loaded with Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 explosives, what is the minimum distance required from a bridge, tunnel, building, place where people gather, or open fire?
Answer: 300 feet. Drivers must maintain a distance of at least 300 feet from these specific structures and gathering places when parking with these classes of explosives.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 150: “Except for short periods of time needed for vehicle operation necessities (e.g., fueling), do not park within 300 feet of: • A bridge, tunnel, or building. • A place where people gather. • An open fire.”
11. What is the maximum age of the certificate of radioactive materials training that a driver must carry when transporting route controlled radioactive materials?
Answer: Within the last two years. The handbook sets a two-year limit on the validity of the training certificate for drivers handling route controlled radioactive materials.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 135: “The training must have occurred within the last two (2) years if the driver transports route controlled radioactive materials.”
12. Which type of bulk packaging is defined as being permanently attached to the vehicle?
Answer: Cargo tanks. The handbook distinguishes cargo tanks as permanently attached, whereas portable tanks are removed for loading and unloading.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 149: “Cargo tanks are bulk packaging permanently attached to a vehicle.”
13. How must a bulk package be placarded if it contains only the residue of a hazardous material?
Answer: It must be placarded even if it only contains residue. The rule states that bulk packages require placarding regardless of whether they are full or contain only residue.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 145: “A bulk package, and a vehicle transporting a bulk package, must be placarded, even if it only has the residue of a hazardous material.”
14. How long must an employer keep a record of hazardous materials training for an employee?
Answer: As long as the employee is working with hazardous materials, and for 90 days thereafter. The regulation specifies the retention period includes the duration of employment plus an additional 90 days.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 135: “Hazardous materials employers are required to keep a record of that training on each employee as long as that employee is working with hazardous materials, and for 90 days thereafter.”
15. What equipment is required for a driver transporting chlorine in cargo tanks?
Answer: An approved gas mask and an emergency kit for controlling leaks in dome cover plate fittings. The handbook mandates both the gas mask and the specific leak-control emergency kit for chlorine transport.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 152: “A driver transporting chlorine in cargo tanks must have an approved gas mask in the vehicle. The driver must also have an emergency kit for controlling leaks in dome cover plate fittings on the cargo tank.”
16. When stopping before a railroad crossing with a placarded vehicle, what is the required stopping distance and action?
Answer: Stop 15 to 50 feet before the nearest rail, activate four-way flashers, and look and listen in both directions. The handbook specifies the exact distance range (15 to 50 feet), the use of flashers, and the requirement to look and listen in both directions.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 152: “You must activate your four-way flashers and stop 15 to 50 feet before the nearest rail. You are required to open your forward windows and look and listen in both directions for approaching trains.”
17. Which of the following is true regarding the 'INHALATION HAZARD' designation on shipping papers?
Answer: POISON GAS or POISON INHALATION placards must be displayed in addition to other required placards. Materials marked with INHALATION HAZARD require specific poison-related placards in addition to standard hazard placards, and the weight exemption does not apply.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 145: “If the words INHALATION HAZARD are on the shipping paper or package, you must display POISON GAS or POISON INHALATION placards in addition to any other placards needed by the product’s hazard class. The 1,000 pound exception does not apply to these materials.”
18. When must a shipper display the letters "RQ" on the shipping paper and package?
Answer: When hazardous substances are being transported in a reportable quantity or greater in one package. The rule for displaying "RQ" is specifically tied to the volume of hazardous substances meeting the reportable quantity threshold.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 140: “When these materials are being transported in a reportable quantity or greater in one package, the shipper displays the letters RQ on the shipping paper and package.”
19. When loading or unloading a cargo tank, what is the maximum distance the attending person must be from the tank?
Answer: Within 25 feet of the tank. The handbook states that the person watching the loading or unloading must be within 25 feet of the cargo tank.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 149: “Be within 25 feet of the tank.”
20. How many sides of a portable tank holding less than 1,000 gallons must display the identification number?
Answer: Two opposing sides. For smaller portable tanks under 1,000 gallons, the regulation specifies that identification numbers are required on only two opposing sides.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 149: “The identification number must appear on each side and each end of a portable tank or other bulk packaging that hold 1,000 gallons or more and on two opposing sides, if the portable tank holds less than 1,000 gallons.”
21. What specific endorsement must a driver hold before driving a vehicle used to transport materials requiring hazardous material placarding?
Answer: A commercial driver license (CDL) with a HAZMAT endorsement. The handbook mandates that a CDL with a specific HAZMAT endorsement is required for transporting placarded hazardous materials.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 135: “You must have a commercial driver license (CDL) with a HAZMAT before you drive any size vehicle that is used in the transportation of any material that requires hazardous material placarding or any quantity of a material listed as a select agent or toxin in 42 CFR 93.”
22. If you discover a cargo leak, how should you identify the hazardous materials?
Answer: By using shipping papers, labels, or package location. The handbook instructs drivers to use documentation and visual cues for identification, advising against using smell or touch.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 153: “If you discover a cargo leak, identify the hazardous materials leaking by using shipping papers, labels, or package location.”
23. When loading or unloading flammable liquids, when should the engine be turned off?
Answer: Before loading or unloading any flammable liquids. The rule requires the engine to be turned off before the process begins, unless it is specifically needed to operate a pump.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 149: “Turn off your engine before loading or unloading any flammable liquids.”
24. Under what specific condition may a driver use a generic 'DANGEROUS' placard instead of separate placards for each hazard class?
Answer: When the vehicle carries more than 1,001 pounds of two or more Table 2 hazard classes requiring different placards, and no single class exceeds 2,205 pounds. The handbook specifies that a generic DANGEROUS placard is permitted when multiple hazard classes are present (totaling over 1,001 lbs) but no single class exceeds 2,205 lbs.
Pennsylvania Commercial Driver's Manual (PUB 223), page 145: “You may use DANGEROUS placards instead of separate placards for each Table 2 hazard class when: You have 1,001 pounds or more of two or more Table 2 hazard classes, requiring different placards, and you have not loaded 2,205 pounds or more of any Table 2 hazard class material at any one place.”